...(Wood) Anatomy (3) Root Anatomy 9 ©...
...features (e.g. extensive root system) to reduce...
...aerial roots (3) Root Anatomy 38 ©...
...roots that lack root hairs some are...
...ground tissue in root cortex Root Adaptations...
...in root cortex Root Adaptations to Water...
...major differences in root hair development reduced...
...plants have least root modification (compared to...
...(for above-water structures) Root Adaptations to Water...
...higher degree of root specialization (compared to...
...exchange - prevent root ‘suffocation’ roots of...
...supply to roots Root Adaptations to Water...
...cell death from root epidermis inward death...
...survive short-term droughts Root Adaptations to Water...
...the apoplastic route Root Adaptations to Water...
...(e.g. mangrove species) Root Adaptations to Water...
...moist rainforest canopy Root Adaptations to Water...

...soil through their root systems. Plants need...
...oxygen to the root for cellular respiration....
...directly at the root zone, requires less...
...by roots, stunting root growth and preventing...
...soil. Compaction reduces root growth by making...
...interacting with plants? Root secretions supply most...
...formed by the root cell. Rhizobium bacteria...
...The development of root nodules begins after...
...bacteria enter the root through an infection...
...signals from the root attract the Rhizobium...
...bacteria penetrate the root cortex within the...
...molecular biology of root nodule formation is...
...bacteria and the root. Each partner responds...
...surface of the root. Fungal hyphae extend...
...grow into the root cortex. These hyphae...
...not penetrate the root cells but form...
...branched, and lacking root hairs. Ten percent...
...mantle ensheathing the root. Mycorrhizal associations start...
...presence of a root by growing toward...
...and enter the root cortex. The hyphae...
...invagination of the root cell’s membrane. Some...
...“normal” roots with root hairs, but the...

...and below-ground, where root systems acquire water...
...development of extensive root and shoot systems...
...their leaves higher. Root architecture is designed...
...the evolution of root branching allowed them...
...plant. The fibrous root systems of monocots...
...competition within the root system of a...
...centimeter along a root’s length, reaching a...
...soil than the root alone could penetrate....
...ions (K+) by root cells. The proton...
...another within a root or other organ...
...cells at the root tip are permeable...
...are differentiated into root hairs, modified cells...
...water absorption. The root hairs absorb the...
...spaces into the root cortex. Although the...
...soil into the root cortex cannot be...
...cells in the root cortex, surrounds the...
...tissue of the root without crossing a...
...roots, cross the root cortex, and pass...
...or zero, the root cells continue pumping...
...positive pressure, called root pressure, that pushes...
...pushes xylem sap. Root pressure causes guttation,...
...In most plants, root pressure is not...
...sap. At most, root pressure can force...
...plants generate no root pressure at all....
...from below by root pressure but is...
...leaves to the root tips and even...
...down to the root tips, lowering the...
...potential in the root xylem and pulling...
...of the xylem. Root pressure is used...
...vessels in spring. Root pressure cannot push...

...systems: a subterranean root system and an...
...and storage. A root is an organ...
...one large vertical root (the taproot) that...
...from an embryonic root. The taproot produces...
...grasses, the embryonic root dies and does...
...form a main root. Instead, many small...
...location. Each small root forms its own...
...to a fibrous root system—a mat of...
...surface. A fibrous root system is usually...
...preventing erosion. The root system helps anchor...
...taproot and fibrous root systems, absorption of...
...occurs near the root tips, where vast...
...numbers of tiny root hairs enormously increase...
...the surface area. Root hairs are short-lived,...
...extensions of individual root epidermal cells. Some...
...For example, the root hairs are extensions...
...tissue of a root or stem is...
...In angiosperms, the root stele forms a...
...parts of the root and shoot systems...
...two systems. The root tip is covered...
...by a thimble-like root cap, which protects...
...meristem as the root pushes through the...
...around the growing root tip. Growth in...
...just behind the root tip, where three...
...division includes the root apical meristem and...
...its derivatives. New root cells are produced...
...cells of the root cap. The zone...
...for pushing the root tip, including the...
...cells covering the root. Root hairs greatly...
...covering the root. Root hairs greatly increase...
...pericycle. A lateral root pushes through the...
...from the established root. The vascular tissue...
...of the lateral root is continuous with...
...of the primary root. The apical meristem...
...position in a root, vascular tissue runs...
...a typical woody root, the vascular cambium...
...the stem or root. These initials produce...
...the stem or root. These initials produce...
...the stem or root. The epidermis is...
...a stem or root splits the first...
...identification of the root end and shoot...
...plant body into root and shoot ends....
...types in Arabidopsis, root hair cells and...
...cells differentiate into root hair cells. The...
...rendered dysfunctional, every root epidermal cell develops...
...cell develops a root hair. Clonal analysis...

...genes that control root development may help...

...genes that control root development may resolve...
...protonema pterophyte rhizoid root rosette cellulose-synthesizing complex...
...horsetails) rhizo- 5 root -oid 5 like,...